MPPT (Maximum power
point tracking): It is an algorithm included in the charge controller circuit
to extract maximum power from the PV module under certain conditions.
Maximum power point is the point obtained from the
characteristics corresponds to a particular voltage & current of the PV
module where the maximum power can be produced. However, the Power point
tracked is variable as the PV module for the power generation depends on the
sunlight (irradiance), Cell temperature. The MPP tracker functionality will
remain same & works better, proves effective during the shading, winter
seasons.
The above characteristics are of a typical 180W PV module
(Under STC conditions), and the maximum power point varies with Irradiance (W/Sq.
m), Operating Temperature, and Atmosphere which are termed as STC conditions.
Working of MPPT:
MPPT checks output of PV module, compares it to battery (off grid)
voltage then fixes what is the best power that PV module can produce to charge
the battery and converts it to the best voltage to get maximum current into
battery (it is the no. of amps of current into the battery that counts). It can
also supply power to a DC load, which is connected directly to the battery.
The output of MPPT tracker is connected to the DC to DC
converter. Normally the DC-DC converter
takes input from the solar panels, change it to high frequency AC using a transformer(usually
in the 20-80 kHz range), and convert it back down to a different DC
voltage as guided by the MPPT controller, so as to have a constant fixed
voltage for the inverter.
The
process of this DC-DC conversion is to have the control on the voltage which
feeds the inverter (ON-grid) (i.e., to buck or boost the voltage based on the
input from the MPPT controller).
Figure showing internal functioning of an
MPPT controller
Efficiency: Modern MPPT's
are around 93-97% efficient in the conversion. We mostly get a 20% to 45% power
gain in winter and 10% to 15% in summer. Actual gain can vary widely depending
weather, temperature, battery state of charge, and other factors.
MPPT works
effectively during cloudy weather, winter seasons & in deep battery
discharge conditions.
Steps to consider an MPPT charge controller:
Find out the battery voltage (Vb) & Watt-peak
of the PV module, using this find out the charging current i.e., ( Wp/Vb )= Ic
and taking safety factor 1.2(NEC requirement) then calculate I=Ic*1.2
and Choose this current level charge
controller.
Find the panel output voltage (Vmp) and check it
weather it is in charge controller’s MPPT operating voltage range or not.
Finally the Voc (open circuit voltage) has to meet
the Voc of the charge controller.
Important parameters:
Input:
Max. DC input voltage: Maximum input voltage that the controller is
rated.
Rated input power: It is the
maximum power that an MPPT is designed to operate effectively.
Maximum input current: Maximum input current that can be taken by
the tracker to put the maximum power at its output terminals.
Output:
Peak efficiency: It is the maximum possible efficiency (output to
input ratio) that can be obtained by the MPP tracker.
Self power consumption: Power consumed by the circuit during its
functioning (maximum power point tracking).
MPPT voltage range: Range of voltage for which the maximum power
can be extracted from the PV module/string/system.
Max. Voltage (Voc): It is
the maximum voltage that an MPPT circuit can withstand.
Max. Charging current: Similarly, the maximum current that can be
allowed to the MPPT system during its function.
Rated load current: Maximum current that can be drawn by the load
through the MPPT controller.
Operating Temperature: Operating
temperature levels
Temperature degradation (mV/ o C): Drop in the voltage
due to the rise of temperature.
Protection:
Input/ output over current protection: Protection against short
circuit/ground faults whenever the faults occur.
Reverse current: This feature includes the protection against the
current flowing in reverse direction i.e., from the battery to the PV panels in
off-grid and from the grid to the panels in on-grid system.
Lightening/Surge current: Protection against the surges i.e.,
bypassing the huge currents during surges in order to safeguard the controller
and the system.
Datasheet:
The following link directs to the technical data sheet of an
MPPT controller.
http://www.morningstarcorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/SSMPPT_ENG10_1111.pdf
Manufacturers list:
The following list comprises of some of the well known Indian MPPT controller manufacturers.
Name of the company | Address | |
Protonics Systems India Private Limited | C-
45, Sector- 81, Phase- 2 Noida - 201305, Uttar Pradesh, India |
|
Kavita Solar Energy Private Limited | No.
231, New Defence Colony, Near Railway Station Railway Road, Muradnagar Ghaziabad - 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India |
|
SU-KAM POWER SYSTEMS LTD. | Plot No. 54, Udyog Vihar,Phase VI, Sector-37,Gurgaon - 122001, Haryana, India | |
Cosmic Micro Systems Private Limited | No. 23, 2nd A Cross, J. C. Nagar, Mahalakshmipura Layout, Bengaluru - 560086, Karnataka, India | |
ARVI Systems & Controls Pvt. Ltd | 80/A2, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, Karnataka, India, Email: enquiry@arviups.com | |
Enertech | S. No. 399/1-2, Bhare,P.O. Ghotawade,Near Pirangut, Taluka -Mulshi, Dist. Pune – 412115 | |
SSG Power Pvt Ltd., | 174-B, Lakshmiyapuram, PACR Road, Rajapalayam - 626117, Virudhunagar District, Tamilnadu. Email : info@ssgpower.co.in | |
Quantum Power Conversions (P) Ltd, | B37/2,B37/3,
ITI Industrial Estate, Mahadevapura PO, Bangalore KA, India – 560048 email: sales@qpcpower.com |
|
Jeevaditya Solar Power Pvt Ltd | A-23,
2nd Main Road, Ranganathan Nagar, Opposite To Bharat University, Selaiyur
Chennai - 600073, Tamil Nadu, India |
|
Power max energies pvt ltd. | 202,
Matoshree, Mithagar Road, Mulund East Mumbai - 421201, Maharashtra, India |
|
Star Automations | 10,
Manuneedhi Chozhan Salai, Near GST Road, Urappakkam, Kanchipuram District
Chennai - 603210, Tamil Nadu, India |
|
Ruchi Telecom Pvt. Ltd. | F-81, Khanpur Extension, New Delhi - 110062, Delhi, India | |
Vitronics Controls Private Limited | S. No. 58/4/4/2, Gokul Nagar, Behind Jain Temple, Katraj-Kondhwa Road, Kondhwa BK, Landmark Opposite Shiv Parvati Mangal Karyalaya, Pune - 411048, Maharashtra, India | |
Soyo Systems | Plot
No. M- 91, M. I. D. C. Area, Near Godavari Engineering Collage Jalgaon - 425003, Maharashtra, India |
|
Fulfill Electric Corporation, Coimbatore | No. 13, Electrical & Electronic Industrial Estate, Near Co India- CMTR, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamil Nadu, India | |
Senratech | No.
502-A, Golden Complex, Avinashi Road Tiruppur - 641602, Tamil Nadu, India |
|
Advanced Solar Power Systems | No. 844, Sector- 13, Vasundhara, Near Maharaja Agarsain Public School,Ghaziabad - 201012, Uttar Pradesh, India | |
Green Solar Company | No.
369, SAK Complex, Palladam Road Tiruppur - 641604, Tamil Nadu, India |
|
Quantum Power Conversions Pvt. Ltd. | B
37/2 & 3, 1 & 2nd Floor, ITI Industrial Estate, Mahadevapura
Whitefield Road Bengaluru - 560048, Karnataka, India |
|
Sunflare Solar Private Limited | Plot
No. 6/19, 2nd Floor, Kattori Mill, G.T. Road, Mohan Nagar, Delhi NCR Ghaziabad - 201007, Uttar Pradesh, India |
|
Blue Chip Energy Solutions Pvt. Ltd. | E-57,
Ground Floor, Chattarpur Extension New Delhi - 110074, Delhi, India |
|
Manak engineering services | B- 46, Flatted Factory Complex, Capt. Gaur Marg, Near Okhla Sabzi Mandi, Phase- 3, Okhla, New Delhi - 110020, Delhi, India | |
Xpanz Energy Solutions LLP | 314,
JOP Plaza, 3rd Floor, Sector-18 Noida - 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India |
|
Navyug Power Infra Private Limited | No. 1024 SF, Shakti Khand 4, Near Aman Plaza, Indrapuram, Ghaziabad - 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India | |
Windoi Energy Pvt. Ltd. | 6,
Rani Jhansi Road, Near Jhandewalan Mandir New Delhi - 110055, Delhi, India |
|
Sds Fabricaters | No. 1/918, 5th Street, Venkadeshwara Nagar, Perungudi, Chennai - 600096, Tamil Nadu, India | |
Pearlescent Green(a Branch Of Pearlescent Electrical Pvt. Ltd.) | Level-
5, SB Tower-1, Film City, Sector-16 A Noida - 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India |
|
Setfusion | No.
50/1, Ground Floor, 8th Main, Mathikere Bengaluru - 560054, Karnataka, India |
|
Apna Global Industries Pvt. Ltd. | B-11
Sujan Vihar Swej Farm Nandpuri 22 Godam Jaipur - 302019, Rajasthan, India |
|
R S Enterprises | No.
5/575, MPN Towers, 1st Floor, Velachery Tambaram Main Road, Opposite Canara
Bank, Upstairs Sai Saravana Furniture Chennai - 600100, Tamil Nadu, India |
|
Anona Tech Solutions | 2B, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kamaraj Nagar, Avarampalayam, Coimbatore - 641006, Tamil Nadu, India | |
Matrix International | No. 140, Gokul Dham Colony, Near Jalalpur, Muradnagar, Delhi- 201206, India | |
N J Corporation (n J Electricals & Electronics) | Plot No. 11, Champa Nagar, Main Market, Gurjar Ki Thadi, Mansarovar , Jaipur - 302019, Rajasthan, India | |
Kshitiz Solar Energy Pvt. Ltd. | A-4, 1st Floor, F.I.E. Patparganj Industrial Area, Delhi- 110092, India | |
Galaxy Engineering systems | No. 5- 6, Milan Complex, Opposite PNB, MG Road, Sukhrali, Gurgaon - 122001, Haryana, India | |
Omni power systems | No. 604, Sammnwar House, Opp. RTO, Behind Giripeth Post Office, Giripeth, Nagpur - 440010, Maharashtra, India | |
Lakshmi Electronics | No. 28, Navy Nagar, 5th Cross East, Meena Estate, Coimbatore - 641028, Tamil Nadu, India | |
Phoebus Energie | Sector10B,
Vasundhara Ghaziabad - 201012, Uttar Pradesh, India |
Note: The information(Manufacturers list) mentioned above may vary, and we are not responsible for any changes.
However, the source for the Manufacturers list is indiamart.com